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The Commission concluded that Microsoft "broke European Union competition law by leveraging its near monopoly in the market for PC operating systems onto the markets for work group server operating systems and for media players. Unlike that decision, however, Microsoft was also forced to withdraw the non-compliant versions of Windows from the South Korean market. As a continuance of these requirements, Microsoft released "N" and "KN" variants of some editions of Windows Vista that exclude Windows Media Player, as well as "K" and "KN" editions that include links to third-party media player and instant messaging software.
Two additional editions of Windows Vista have been released for use by developers of embedded devices. These are binary identical editions to those available in retail, but licensed exclusively for use in embedded devices.
Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows Vista does not support compliance checking during installation; compliance checking previously allowed users to insert a disc as evidence that the operating system was being upgraded over a previous version, which would allow users to enter an upgrade license to perform a clean install.
However, upgrading from a bit edition to a bit edition or downgrading from bit edition to a bit edition requires a clean install. The following chart indicates the possible upgrade paths:.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikimedia list article. News Center. Retrieved May 26, Ars Technica. Retrieved June 2, January 29, Retrieved April 3, January 17, Redmond Magazine. Retrieved May 30, Windows Vista Team Blog. Archived from the original on November 10, Windows How-to. Both editions were succeeded by Windows Professional and the Windows Server Family, respectively. This edition was succeeded by Windows XP Embedded.
On June 25, , Microsoft released Windows 98 code-named Memphis , three years after the release of Windows 95 , two years after the release of Windows NT 4. USB support in Windows 98 is marketed as a vast improvement over Windows The release continued the controversial inclusion of the Internet Explorer browser with the operating system that started with Windows 95 OEM Service Release 1.
The action eventually led to the filing of the United States v. Microsoft case, dealing with the question of whether Microsoft was introducing unfair practices into the market in an effort to eliminate competition from other companies such as Netscape.
In , Microsoft released Windows 98 Second Edition, an interim release. One of the more notable new features was the addition of Internet Connection Sharing , a form of network address translation , allowing several machines on a LAN Local Area Network to share a single Internet connection.
Hardware support through device drivers was increased and this version shipped with Internet Explorer 5. Many minor problems that existed in the first edition were fixed making it, according to many, the most stable release of the Windows 9x family.
Mainstream support for Windows 98 and 98 SE ended on June 30, , and ended extended support on July 11, It has the version number Windows NT 5. Windows has had four official service packs. It was successfully deployed both on the server and the workstation markets. Amongst Windows 's most significant new features was Active Directory , a near-complete replacement of the NT 4. Terminal Services , previously only available as a separate edition of NT 4, was expanded to all server versions.
A number of features from Windows 98 were incorporated also, such as an improved Device Manager, Windows Media Player , and a revised DirectX that made it possible for the first time for many modern games to work on the NT kernel. Windows is also the last NT-kernel Windows operating system to lack product activation. While Windows upgrades were available for Windows 95 and Windows 98, it was not intended for home users. It was the last DOS-based operating system from Microsoft.
Windows Me introduced a new multimedia-editing application called Windows Movie Maker , came standard with Internet Explorer 5. System Restore was a notable feature that would continue to thrive in all later versions of Windows. Windows Me was conceived as a quick one-year project that served as a stopgap release between Windows 98 and Windows XP.
Many of the new features were available from the Windows Update site as updates for older Windows versions System Restore and Windows Movie Maker were exceptions.
Windows Me was criticized for stability issues, as well as for lacking real mode DOS support, to the point of being referred to as the "Mistake Edition. The initial release was met with considerable criticism , particularly in the area of security , leading to the release of three major Service Packs.
Service Pack 2 provided significant improvements and encouraged widespread adoption of XP among both home and business users. Windows XP was one of Microsoft's longest-running flagship operating systems, beginning with the public release on October 25, , for at least 5 years, and ending on January 30, , when it was succeeded by Windows Vista. On April 25, , Microsoft launched Windows Server , a notable update to Windows Server encompassing many new security features, a new "Manage Your Server " wizard that simplifies configuring a machine for specific roles, and improved performance.
It is based on the Windows NT 5. A few services not essential for server environments are disabled by default for stability reasons, most noticeable are the "Windows Audio" and "Themes" services; users have to enable them manually to get sound or the " Luna " look as per Windows XP.
The hardware acceleration for display is also turned off by default, users have to turn the acceleration level up themselves if they trust the display card driver.
Among the new features are a number of management features for branch offices, file serving, printing and company-wide identity integration.
Windows Server R2, an update of Windows Server , was released to manufacturing on December 6, The other CD adds many optionally installable features for Windows Server The R2 update was released for all x86 and x64 versions, except Windows Server R2 Enterprise Edition, which was not released for Itanium. It is designed to use the expanded bit memory address space provided by the x86—64 architecture.
Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is based on the Windows Server codebase, with the server features removed and client features added. It is only available to Software Assurance customers. The aim of WinFLP is to give companies a viable upgrade option for older PCs that are running Windows 95, 98, and Me that will be supported with patches and updates for the next several years.
Most user applications will typically be run on a remote machine using Terminal Services or Citrix. While being visually the same as Windows XP, it has some differences. For example, if the screen has been set to 16 bit colors, the Windows recycle bin icon and some XP bit icons will show. Paint and some games like Solitaire aren't present too.
Windows Home Server code-named Q, Quattro is a server product based on Windows Server , designed for consumer use.
The system was announced on January 7, , by Bill Gates. Windows Home Server can be configured and monitored using a console program that can be installed on a client PC. Such features as Media Sharing, local and remote drive backup and file duplication are all listed as features. Windows Vista was released on November 30, , to business customers—consumer versions followed on January 30, Windows Vista intended to have enhanced security by introducing a new restricted user mode called User Account Control , replacing the "administrator-by-default" philosophy of Windows XP.
Vista was the target of much criticism and negative press, and in general was not well regarded, this was seen as leading to the relatively swift release of Windows 7. One major difference between Vista and earlier versions of Windows, Windows 95 and later, was that the original start button was replaced with the Windows icon in a circle called the Start Orb. Windows Vista had the version number NT 6. During its lifetime, Windows Vista had two service packs. Windows Vista shipped in six editions : [36].
All editions except Starter edition were available in both bit and bit versions. The biggest advantage of the bit version was breaking the 4 gigabyte memory barrier, which bit computers cannot fully access. Windows Server built on the technological and security advances first introduced with Windows Vista, and was significantly more modular than its predecessor, Windows Server Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on July 22, , and reached general retail availability on October 22, The interface was renewed with a bigger taskbar and some improvements in the searching system and the Start menu.
Windows 7 met with positive reviews, which said the OS was faster and easier to use than Windows Vista. Windows 7 shipped in six editions : [40]. In some countries in the European Union , there were other editions that lacked some features such as Windows Media Player, Windows Media Center and Internet Explorer—these editions were called names such as "Windows 7 N.
All editions, except the Starter edition, were available in both bit and bit versions. Unlike the corresponding Vista editions, the Professional and Enterprise editions were supersets of the Home Premium edition. Windows Server R2 shipped in bit versions x64 and Itanium only.
WinTPC was available for software assurance customers and relied on cloud computing in a business network. Wireless operation is supported since WinTPC has full wireless stack integration, but wireless operation may not be as good as the operation on a wired connection.
Windows Home Server code named 'Vail' [43] was released on April 6, WHS only supports x hardware. Microsoft decided to discontinue Windows Home Server on July 5, while including its features into Windows Server Essentials.
Windows 8 went on sale to the public on October 26, Windows 8 features a redesigned user interface, designed to make it easier for touchscreen users to use Windows. The interface introduced an updated Start menu known as the Start screen, and a new full-screen application platform. The desktop interface is also present for running windowed applications, although Windows RT will not run any desktop applications not included in the system.
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Archived from the original on April 25, April 20, March 16, Archived from the original on March 16, Retrieved March 17, Archived from the original on June 24, Retrieved June 25, Archived from the original on March 1, Windows 7 adds a Windows Media Center gadget to the default collection while removing the Contacts and Notes gadgets.
Unlike Windows Vista, all gadgets run in a single process, which saves memory, and the process is not run at all if the user has no gadgets on the desktop. Windows Explorer in Windows 7 supports Libraries , which are virtual folders that aggregate content from various locations and present them in a unified view. Searching in a library automatically federates the query to the remote systems, in addition to searching on the local system, so that files on the remote systems are also searched.
Unlike search folders, Libraries are backed by a physical location which allows files to be saved in the Libraries. Windows 7's Start menu retains the two-column layout of its predecessors, with several functional changes:. The user interface for font management has been overhauled. As with Windows Vista, the collection of installed fonts is shown in a Windows Explorer window, but fonts from the same font family appear as "stacks" instead of as individual icons.
The Font dialog box[13] has also been updated to show previews of the font selection in the selection lists. There are two major new user interface components for device management in Windows 7, "Devices and Printers" and "Device Stage". Both of these are integrated with Windows Explorer, and together provide a simplified view of what devices are connected to the computer, and what capabilities they support. Devices and Printers is a new Control Panel interface that is directly accessible from the Start menu.
Unlike the Device Manager Control Panel applet, which is still present, the icons shown on the Devices and Printers screen is limited to components of the system that a non-expert user will recognize as plug-in devices.
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